Introduction

Part one: contesting assimilation, 1776-1924

"It was enough that they were Indians": racial conflict in the early republic, 1776-1829

"We cannot consent to be under your government": ethnic cleansing during the "Removal Period," 1830-1838

"The citizenship plan": Native people's fight for autonomy, 1838-1887

"Into the swim of American citizenship": forced allotment in Indian Country, 1887-1917

"The club of white man's wisdom": forced assimilation in Indian Boarding Schools, 1887-1917

"For the honor of the race and the good of the country": creating a dual citizenship, 1911-1928

Part two: demanding their rights, 1924-2025

"Citizen Indians, get busy": the fight for citizenship and sovereignty, 1924-1945

"No Indians and dogs allowed": Indigenous citizens' fight for civil rights, 1945-1951

"The great contradiction of dual citizenship": the resistance against termination, 1945-1961

"It is up to you to use your rights": Indigenous citizens' fight for Treaty Rights, 1961-1974

"Those dumb Indians ought to be shot": white backlash to Indigenous Sovereignty, 1974-2000

"Dual citizens of this country": Indigenous politics in the twenty-first century