All singing, no talking : Alan Crosland and The Jazz Singer

The pioneers : Harry Beaumont; Lloyd Bacon; King Vidor

Outside the box : Thornton Freeland; W. S. Van Dyke; James Whale

Something with style : Rouben Mamoulian; Ernst Lubitsch; Vincente Minnelli

Prolific professionals : Norman Taurog; Roy Del Ruth; David Butler; Michael Curtiz; Walter Lang

Star handlers : Irving Cummings; Mark Sandrich; Richard Thorpe; Charles Vidor

Not who you'd expect : Raoul Walsh; George Stevens; George Cukor; Victor Fleming

Choreographer to director : Busby Berkeley; Charles Walters; Stanley Donen; Gene Kelly

Appendix : directors and their film musical credits.