Introduction: Structure of the Bluebook

General principles of citation

Getting started

The Bluepages: An Introduction To Basic Legal Citation: Structure of legal citations

Typeface for court documents

Subdivisions

Short citation forms

Quotations

Abbreviations, numerals, and symbols

Italicization for style and in unique circumstances

Capitalization

Titles of judges

Cases

Constitutions

Statutes, rules, and restatements

Legislative materials

Administrative and executive materials

Books and other nonperiodic materials

Periodical materials

Court and litigation documents

Internet

Services

Foreign materials

International materials

Bluepages Tables

Court documents

Jurisdiction-specific citation rules and style guides

Federal Courts

State Courts

Territories

Rules

Rule 1: Structure And Use Of Citations

Citation sentences and clauses in law reviews

Introductory signals

Order of signals

Order of authorities within each signal

Parenthetical information

Related authority

Rule 2: Typefaces For Law Reviews

Typeface conventions for citations

Typeface conventions for textual material

Rule 3: Subdivisions

Volumes, parts, and supplements

Pages, footnotes, endnotes, and graphical materials

Sections and paragraphs

Appended material

Internal cross-references

Rule 4: Short Citation Forms

Id

Supra and Hereinafter

Rule 5: Quotations

Formatting of quotations

Alterations and quotations within quotations

Omissions

Rule 6: Abbreviations, Numerals, And Symbols

Abbreviations

Numerals and symbols

Rule 7: Italicization For Style And In Unique Circumstances

Rule 8: Capitalization

Rule 9: Title Of Judges, Officials, And Terms Of Court

Rule 10: Cases

Basic citation forms

Case names

General rules for case names

Additional rules for case names in citations

Reporters and other sources

Parallel citations and which source(s) to cite

Reporters

Public domain format

Court and jurisdiction

Date to year

Parenthetical information regarding cases

Weight of authority

Quoting/citing parentheticals in case citations

Order of parentheticals

Prior and subsequent history

Explanatory phrases and weight of authority

Different case name on appeal

Special citation forms

Pending and unreported cases

Fifth circuit split

Briefs court filings and transcripts

Court administrative orders

Short forms for cases

Rule 11: Constitutions

Rule 12: Statutes

Basic citation forms

Choosing the proper citation form

General rule

Exceptions

Current official and unofficial codes

Additional information

Year code

Sessions laws

Electronic media and online sources

Other secondary sources

Invalidation, repeal, amendment, and prior history

Invalidation

Repeal

Amendment

Prior history

Explanatory parenthetical phrases

Special citation forms

Internal revenue code

Ordinances

Rules of evidence and procedure

Model codes, principles, restatements, standards, sentencing guidelines, and uniform acts

ABA code of professional responsibility and options on ethics

Short forms for statues

Rule 13: Legislative Materials

Basic citation forms

Bills and resolutions

Hearings

Reports, documents, and committee prints

Debates

Separately bound legislative histories

Electronic media and online sources

Short forms for legislative materials

Rule 14: Administrative And Executive Materials

Basic citation forms

Rules, regulations, and other publications

Administrative adjudications and arbitrations

Names

Which source(s) to cite

Issuing agency

Commercial electronic databases

Short forms for regulations

Rule 15: Books, Reports, And Other Nonperiodic Materials

Author

Editor or translator

Title

Edition, publisher, and date

Shorter works in collection

Works in collection generally

Collected documents

Prefaces, forewords, introductions, and epilogues

Serial number

Special citation forms

Electronic media and online sources

Short citation forms

Short forms for works in collection

Rule 16: Periodical Materials

Basic citation forms

Author

Title

Consecutively paginated journals

Nonconsecutively paginated journals and magazines

Newspapers

Special citation forms

Student-written law review materials

Non-student-written book reviews

Symposia, colloquia, and surveys

Commentaries and other special designations

Multipart articles

Annotations

Proceedings, regular publications by institutes, and ABA section reports

Newsletters and other noncommercially distributed periodicals

Electronic media and online sources

Short citation forms

Rule 17: Unpublished And Forthcoming Sources

Basic citations forms

Unpublished materials

Manuscripts

Dissertations and theses

Letters, memoranda, and press releases

E-mail correspondence and listserv postings

Interviews

Speeches and addresses

Forthcoming publications

Working papers

Electronic media and online sources

Short citation forms

Rule 18: Internet, Electronic Media And Other Nonprint Resources

Basic citation forms

Internet

General internet citation principles

Citations to internet sources

Commercial electronic databases

CD-ROM and other electronic storage media

Microform

Microform collections reproducing preexisting materials

Microform collections containing original materials

Films, broadcasts, and noncommercial video materials

Audio recordings

Commercial recordings

Noncommercial recordings

Podcasts and recordings available online

Short citation forms

Rule 19: Services

Citation form for services

Short citation forms.

Rule 20: Foreign Materials

Jurisdiction

Non-English-language documents

Documents appearing in more than one language

Titles and names of documents in languages other than English

Abbreviations in languages other than English

Languages that do not use the Roman Alphabet

Citations to translations of non-English-language documents

Cases

Common law cases

Civil law and other non-common law cases

Constitutions

Statues

Statutes in common law systems

Statutes in Civil law and other non-common law jurisdictions

Non-English-language and foreign periodicals

Short citations forms

Rule 21: International Materials

Basic citation forms

Non-English-language documents

Jurisdiction not evident from context

Treaties and other international agreements

Name of the agreement

Parties to the agreement

Subdivisions

Date of signing

Treaty sources

International law cases

- International court of justice and the permanent court of international justice

European Union Courts

European Court Of Human Rights

Inter-American Commission On Human Rights

Inter-American Court Of Human Rights

International Tribunal For the Law Of The Sea

International Criminal Court And Other Tribunals

Other International Courts

International Arbitrations And Claims Commissions

United Nations Sources

Verbatim and summary records

Resolutions and decisions

UN reports

Masthead documents

UN press releases and memoranda

Adjudicatory bodies established by the United Nations

Sales publications

Yearbooks and periodicals

Regional organization documents

UN Charter

UN Internet materials

League of Nations

European Union

Council of Europe World Trade Organization

International Monetary Fund

Other Intergovernmental Organizations

International Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)

Yearbooks

Digests

Short citation forms

Tables

Table 1: United States Jurisdictions

Federal Judicial and Legislative materials

Federal administrative and executive materials

States and the District of Columbia

Alabama (Ala)

Alaska (Alaska)

Arizona (Ariz)

Arkansas (Ark)

California (Cal)

Colorado (Colo)

Connecticut (Conn)

Delaware (Del)

District of Columbia (DC)

Florida (Fla)

Georgia (Ga)

Hawaii (Haw)

Idaho (Idaho)

Illinois (Ill)

Indiana (Ind)

Iowa (Iowa)

Kansas (Kan)

Kentucky (Ky)

Louisiana (La)

Maine (Me)

Maryland (Md)

Massachusetts (Mass)

Michigan (Mich)

Minnesota (Minn)

Mississippi (Miss)

Missouri (Mo)

Montana (Mont)

Nebraska (Neb)

Nevada (Nev)

New Hampshire (NH)

New Jersey (NJ)

New Mexico (NM)

New York (NY)

North Carolina (NC)

North Dakota (ND)

Ohio (Ohio)

Oklahoma (Okla)

Oregon (Or)

Pennsylvania (Pa)

Rhode Island (RI)

South Carolina (SC)

South Dakota (SD)

Tennessee (Tenn)

Texas (Tex)

Utah (Utah)

Vermont (Vt)

Virginia (Va)

Washington (Wash)

West Virginia (W Va)

Wisconsin (Wis)

Wyoming (Wyo)

Other United States Jurisdictions

American Samoa

Canal Zone

Guam

Navajo Nation

Northern Mariana Islands

Oklahoma Native Americans

Puerto Rico

Virgin Islands

Table 2: Foreign Jurisdictions

Argentine Republic

Australia

Australian States and Territories

Austria, Republic of

Austrian Lander

Belgium, Kingdom of

Brazil, Federative Republic of

Canada

Catholic Church

Chile, Republic of

China, People's Republic of

Colombia, Republic of

Czech Republic

Egypt, Arab Republic of

France, Republic of

Germany, Federal Republic of

German Lander

Greece

Hong Kong

Hungary, Republic of

India

Iran, Islamic Republic of

Iraq, Republic of

Ireland (Eire), Republic of

Israel

Italy, Republic of

Japan

Kenya

Lebanon, Republic of

Mexico

Netherlands, Kingdom of the

New Zealand

Nicaragua

Nigeria

Pakistan, Islamic Republic of

Philippines

Roman Law

Russian Federation

South Africa

South Korea

Spain

Sweden

Switzerland

Swiss Cantons

Taiwan, Republic of China

United Kingdom

England and Wales

Northern Ireland (and Ireland until 1924)

Scotland

Zambia, Republic of

Table 3: Intergovernmental Organizations

United Nations

League of Nations

European Union

European Commission of Human Rights

European Court of Human Rights

Inter-American Commission on Human Rights

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea

Intergovernmental Organizations

Table 4: Treaty Sources

Official US Sources

Intergovernmental Treaty Sources

Unofficial Treaty Sources

Table 5: Arbitral Reporters

Table 6: Case Names And Institutional Authors In Citations

Table 7: Court Names

Table 8: Explanatory Phrases

Table 9: Legislative Documents

Table 10: Geographical Terms

US States, Cities, and Territories

Australian States and Canadian Provinces and Territories

Countries and regions

Table 11: Judges And Officials

Table 12: Months

Table 13: Periodicals

Table 14: Publishing Terms

Table 15: Services

Table 16: Subdivisions.