Birds : the purpose determines the structure. Photo gallery ; Bowerbirds ; Sociable weavers ; Baya weavers ; Vogelkop gardener bowerbird

Articulates : creators of their own world. Photo gallery ; Red wood ants ; Termites ; Weaver ants ; Caddis flies ; Wasps ; Bees ; Bark beetles ; Spiders ; Caterpillars

Mammals : landscape architects. Photo gallery ; Harvest mice ; Beavers

Corals, bivalves, snails : calcified master builders. Photo gallery ; Corals ; Bivalves ; Snails

Ingo Arndt : author's note on the photography. Author.